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Tetap  can be used in the following ways: (Aspect Auxiliary) Verb:  still  Tetap  can precede the primary verb or stative verb to emphasise that the subject resists changes even though it is expected for changes to occur.  Examples :  1. Dia tetap bersama saya.   He still remains (stay together) with me.  2. Saya tetap teguh dengan pendirian saya.   I stand firm on my ground. {even after being dissuaded)  3. Hujan sudah mula turun tapi mereka tetap bermain di luar.   It's already started raining but they're still playing outside.  4. Walaupun sudah berusia, Tok tetap rajin menuntut ilmu.   Although grandpa has aged, he still diligently seeks knowledge.   Try writing your own sentences in the comment below...

Habis  can be used in the following ways: Stative Verb:  to be finished, to be used up, to end Habis  is used to describe the state of things that are no longer available as it has been used up or finished. Examples :  1. Duit saya sudah habis.  My money is finished (used up).  2. Pertunjukan itu sudah habis.   The show is finished (ended).  3. Dia makan semuanya sendiri sampai habis.   He ate everything himself until it's finished (gone).  4. Habis semua buku diconteng adik.   All the books were scribbled by brother (younger sibling). (Aspect Auxiliary) Verb:  to finish Habis  can precede the primary verb to express that the verb has been done until it is finished or exhausted.  Examples : 1. Dia sudah habis makan. He has finished eating. 2. Habis sekolah nanti, terus balik. Come back immediately once you have finished school! 3. Saya akan pergi kalau ayah sudah habis cakap. I'll live now if you've finished talking. 4. Mereka sudah balik sebelum saya habis bentangkan proje

Mula  can be used in the following ways: (Transitive) Verb:  to start, to begin Mula  is used to describe the action of starting something. As a primary verb,  (meN)mulakan--> memulakan is followed by a direct object which is something the subject intends to start. Examples :  1. Cikgu (meN)mulakan pelajaran dengan kuiz.     The teacher started the lesson with a quiz.  2. Mulakan hari ini dengan semangat yang baru.   Start the day with a new spirit!  3. Jangan mulakan sesuatu tanpa berfikir dengan masak.   Don't start something without thinking carefully!  4. Sila periksa kenderaan sebelum memulakan perjalanan yang jauh.   Please examine your transportation before starting a long journey! (Aspect Auxiliary) Verb:  to start to Mula  can precede the primary verb to express that the verb has been started.  Examples : 1. Ke hadapan barisan, sedia, mula (berlari). On your mark, get set, start! 2. Saya mula belajar bahasa Jepun 3 tahun yang lalu. I started learning Japanese 3 years ag

Baru  can be used in the following ways: Adjective:  new Baru  is the shorter form of baharu , which is used to describe that something is new, fresh or recent. Examples :  1. Saya dapat kerja baru.     I got a new job.  2. Kami sudah pergi kedai baru itu.   We've already been to that new shop.  3. Pelajar baru, sila berkumpul di depan dewan.   Fresh students, please gather in front of the hall!  4. Dia berpindah ke luar negara untuk mendapatkan pengalaman baru.   She moved overseas to get new experience. (Aspect Auxiliary) Verb:  just  Baru  can precede the primary verb to express that the verb has just taken place. To further emphasise, saja  can come together with baru . Examples :  1. Dia baru saja sampai.    He just arrived.  2. Saya baru saja cakap tadi.   I just said it just now.  3. Baru hari pertama datang sini, tapi dah tunjuk pandai.   It's just his first day coming here, but he's already flaunting his intelligence.  4. Kami baru makan sekarang sebab sibuk bermes

Masih  can be used in the following ways: (Aspect Auxiliary) Verb:  still  Masih  can precede the primary verb or stative verb to express that the state of verb has not changed. It means that the speaker is still performing the action or if followed by tak , the state of not performing the action has not changed. Thus, in positive sentence, only process verbs (verbs that occurs over a period of time) or stative verbs can be used.  Lagi  can be added at the end of the sentence to further emphasise the unchanging state of the action. Examples :  1. Saya masih makan lagi.      I'm still eating.  2. Dia masih tak mahu berubah.   He still doesn't want to change.  3. Kami masih lapar walaupun sudah makan banyak.   We are still hungry even though we have eaten a lot.  4. Mereka masih tak jumpa-jumpa kedai itu.   They still haven't found that store.   Try writing your own sentences in the comment below...

Belum  can be used in the following ways: (Aspect Auxiliary) Verb:  have not, yet to {imperfected state} Belum  can precede the primary verb to express that the verb has not been performed. It means that the speaker will perform the action in the future. If the speaker didn't do something in the past, using tak  would suffice. Lagi  can be added at the end of the sentence to further emphasise the imperfected state of the action. Examples :  1. Saya belum beritahu dia.      I have not tell him.  2. Dia belum sembuh lagi.     He has not recovered yet.   3. Kami belum memohon visa untuk ke negara itu.   We have not applied for visa to that country..  4. Alia belum makan kerana tak lapar.  Alia hasn't eaten because she's not hungry . Sudah ... belum? (Tag Question) Particle:  haven't you ...? Sudah ... is accompanied with  belum  at the end of the sentence to create a yes/no question. These kind of questions are to confirm whether the listener has done certain actions. Exam

Pernah  can be used in the following ways: (Aspect Auxiliary) Verb:  have {experience} Pernah  can precede the primary verb to express that the speaker has had the experience of doing the action in the past. The emphasis of using pernah  is on experience. So it is not used to refer to completed actions in which sudah is used. It is often used together with dulu  [ before ] which can come at the beginning or the end of the sentence. Examples :  1. Saya tak pernah melawat negara Belanda.      I've not visited Netherlands (before).  2. Dia pernah bersekolah di sini dulu.   He used to attend this school before.   3. Dulu, Alia pernah kemalangan. Jadi, dia takut nak bawa kereta sekarang.   Alia once got into an accident. So, she is now afraid to drive a car.  4. Portugis pernah menjajah Melaka dulu.   The Portuguese colonised Malacca before.  5. Awak pernah kena Covid berapa kali?   How many times have you gotten Covid?   Try writing your own sentences in the comment below...

Sudah  can be used in the following ways: (Aspect Auxiliary) Verb:  already {perfected actions / achieved state} Sudah  can precede the primary verb to express that the verb has been completed. Do note that this does not instantly apply to everything in the past. It is to assert that the action was taken and no longer is taking place. Sudah can also precede stative verbs or adjectives to express that the state has been achieved. Examples :  1. Saya sudah menyiapkan kerja rumah.      I've completed my homework.  2. Dia sudah makan pagi tadi.     He has eaten this morning.   3. Kami sudah berjaya sekarang.   We have now succeeded.  4. Sudah lama kita tak jumpa.   It's been awhile since we've met.  5. Anak-anak kita sudah besar nanti macam mana?   What would happen when our children will have grown up?   Try writing your own sentences in the comment below...

  Sedang  can be used in the following ways: (Aspect Auxiliary) Verb:  in the middle of {ongoing action/event} Sedang can precede the primary verb to express that the verb is currently taking place. Remember that in Malay, there are no tenses. So, currently here is relative to the context of time. Sedang is mainly used when the speaker wishes to emphasise the verb is ongoing and is incomplete in that frame of time. Sedang can also precede  dalam  which is followed by an event. More colloquial options are tengah [ middle ] and duk (comes from duduk [ to sit ], and more commonly spelled as dok ) Examples : 1. Saya sedang menyiapkan kerja rumah.      I'm completing my homework.  2. Dia dok makan dari tadi.     He has been eating since just now.   3. Kami (tengah) dalam perjalanan.   We are on our way.  4. Adakah mesyuarat sedang berjalan?   Is the meeting ongoing?   Try writing your own sentences in the comment below...

Ada  can be used in the following ways: Verb:  to have {possession} Ada as a primary verb is used to express that the subject possesses something. The negation word 'tak' can combine with ada  to form tiada or takda , which later is more colloquial. Examples : 1. Saya ada abang dan kakak.      I have brothers and sisters.  2. Mereka ada rumah yang besar.   They have a big house.  3. Dia kaya tapi tiada kereta.   He's rich but he doesn't own a car.  4. (Awak) ada payung tak?   Do you have an umbrella? Verb:  there is/are {existence} Ada can also be used to express the existence of things. Usually the location of the things are also mentioned. There are two ways to express this sentence, either by starting the sentence with the ada  clause or the 'di' [location] clause.  Examples : 1. Di rumah saya takda haiwan peliharaan.  There are no pets in my house.    2. Ada kuih di atas meja. There are kuih on the table. 3. Di dalam kelas ada 30 orang pelajar cukup-cukup. I

Hendak  can be used in the following ways: Verb:  to want, would like Hendak or it's shortened form nak , can be used before a noun to express the desire to obtain the noun. Ma(h)u can also be used here interchangeably. Examples : 1. Saya nak baju baru.      I want new clothes.  2. Dia tak mahu rumah yang mahal.     He doesn't want an expensive house.  3. Encik nak teh atau kopi?   Do you [sir] want tea or coffee?  4. Nak nasi lemak dengan teh tarik, satu.   I would like nasi lemak and a glass of teh tarik, please. (Auxiliary) Verb:  want to, be going to Nak can also be used before the primary verb to express the speaker's desire or intention to carry out an action. Compared to 'akan', using nak  asserts volition and the urgency of the action. Thus, nak  is often used to express spontaneous plans that are taking place soon if not now.  Ma(h)u  can also be used here interchangeably. When used in a question, it is to invite the listener to do something. Examples : 1.

Akan  can be used in the following ways: (Aspect Auxiliary) Verb:  will {planned events} Akan  is placed before the primary verb to express that the event will take place in the future. Be cautious that when akan is used, it does not reflect the will of the speaker, instead it is an objective way to state that it is scheduled to happen. As such, we do not use akan  when expressing spontaneous intention. But when used spontaneously, it asserts a strong declaration as if the speaker is making an oath. Note that the negation word 'tak' can be combined with akan  to form takkan . Examples : 1. Saya akan pergi ke negara Singapura.      I will go to Singapore. [It has been scheduled and I might have already bought the tickets.]  2. Maaf, Encik Mazlan tak akan berada di pejabat esok.     Sorry, Mr. Mazlan will not be present at the office tomorrow.   3. Dia berjanji akan (meN)tolong saya.   He promised that he will help me.  4. Sesi sekolah akan mula pada awal Januari.   School sessio